Anyone successfully integrated meta data such as Open Graph into their component?

I.e all data is taken from data entered into your component rather than site wide / menu meta data from a general site meta plugin

No, but you can use (for example):

$doc = JFactory::getDocument();
$doc->setMetaData( 'og:title', 'Title' );

You can use it in your display funcion in the view.html.php of a record if you need information from a record or anywhere else.
As long as you use de getDocument en setMetdaData, it will end up in the head of your page.

api.joomla.org/cms-3/classes/JDocument.html#method_setMetaData

Well found!